Networks & Usages in 2007;     Last updated on 2018/2562 7 27, a full moon day;

5W1H . WHEN   When adding/configuring routers to expand a network WHICH uses multiple protocols; When troubleshooting networking devices i.e. routers, switches, ... ;

5W1H . WHAT   Fundamentals of multi protocol networks including installing, configuring, monitoring, troubleshooting, ... ;

5W1H . WHICH   Prior knowledge i.e. Bus Connector & Port; Also see: Network Topology;

5W1H . WHO   Enterprise Network Administrators; Internet Service Providers; Network Specialists; Network Technicians; PC Technicians; Remote LAN Administrators; Users; WAN Administrators;

/* .....  The following information is based on a router

1st configure static routes, 2nd implement dynamic RIP, 3rd routing by IGRP;

router's boot sequence, WHEN at boot time, messages are deciphered, WHERE console connection to actual router;

router's learning steps are:

            login to a router via console port connector;

            the router's initial configuration by using Initial Configuration Dialog software interface, and then the router's manual configuration because at the initial configuration stage the router was non-configured without commands is non-configured;

            the router's self identification by its router settings; After the router's manual configuration, settings are clock rate, bandwidth, each IP address for each network interface, passwords, ... ; After manual configuration is loaded, and then do System Configuration Dialog software interface; Changing/editing/modifying startup configuration file, and understanding between cold boot and warm boot WHEN copy; Configuring global parameters such as

                                    Enter host name [this DOMAIN]: this DOMAIN

                                    Enter enable secret [<password>]:password  System Configuration Dialog will encrypt the password automatically;  

            by using host files [also see: lmhosts] to do static routing; for each static route for each multiple router therefore static routes with multiple routers Remark: @other routers' side, instead of IP address, host names are used by computers, THIS makes system complexity higher, therefore secure security MAC; Manual enter host table info; Integrate the host table text file into running configuration;

            by allowing override static routers, the usage "dynamic" begins; To do so, allow dynamic routes; TCP/IP subnets knowledge is required because defined default gateway by WHOM should be unique regardless of whether global OR local OR remote OR ... ;

            RIP and then IGRP routing; routing protocols and link state vs. distance vector; routing protocols' metrics; human assist/determine path and mapping also see: Homology vs. Homotopy, and then understand static routing vs. dynamic routing, and then able to analyze homological simplex, complex, mapped groups of half-duplex, full-duplex, ... ; @ a run time, routed protocols vs. routing protocols, and then understand Current Loaded Routing Table, Destination Stations, End Stations, Intermediate "in the middle" Station, ... ;

            monitoring the router's performance; data; deploying telnet command; the router's telnet sessions, assuming 1 window is 1 session; at the router, disconnecting unauthorized users; identifying running processes at the router; get interface transmission statistics; utilization of memories & processors;

            password recovery; troubleshooting the router by using debug command to debug serial interface, to debug Ethernet interface; debugging info of telnet session window; Correct Mode vs. Diagnostic Mode; 

            using access lists to secure the router; increase the router's security by blocking telnet session;

            NAT to increase security; Not only IP addresses but also Ports can be translated by configuring NAT; e.g.

NAT (Network Address Translation) protocol 12344/tcp this DOMAIN NAT。
NAT (Network Address Translation) protocol 12344/udp this DOMAIN NAT。

            Flash IOS, and then TFTP server; ... ;

Above information is based on a router  ..... */

Local vs. Remote;

NAT configuration on the router WHICH connects to Internet; Increase network security;

Network security by managing access lists, for example ACL DACL SACL;

Networking connections oriented commands such as debug command_line_parameter <enter> , ping command _ line _ parameter <enter> , trace command _ line _ parameter <enter> , ... ;

OSI model and its layers;

TCP/IP; Also see: Protocol and Port; TCP/IP address calculation by converting from decimal to binary, and knowing of each default gateway address for each TCP/IP address, and then subnets by masking subnet a.k.a. subnet masking;

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